This white paper discusses a range of different atmospheric pressure ionization techniques: Electrospray Ionization (ESI), Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI), Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization (APPI), and Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe (ASAP), and Waters’ novel UniSpray™ (US) ion source. Included is information about their ionization mechanisms, optimization, and types of small molecules for which they are most applicable.
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